...Jian Ming Khor; Charles A. Ettensohn ABSTRACT Sea urchins and other echinoderms are important experimental models for studying developmental processes. The lack of approaches for conditional gene perturbation, however, has made it challenging to investigate the late developmental functions of genes...

... identify a conserved role in the formation of the skeleton in both processes. Echinoderm Biomineralization Regulatory networks Signalling Vegf Recently, several studies have established the brittle star Amphiura filiformis ( Afi ) as an experimental system for skeleton formation in both...

.... Comp. Biol. 50 , 707 - 719 . 10.1093/icb/icq076 Hinman , V. F. and Cheatle Jarvela , A. M. ( 2014 ). Developmental gene regulatory network evolution: Insights from comparative studies in echinoderms . Genesis 52 , 193 - 207 . 10.1002/dvg.22757 Hinman , V. F...

... might also provide the key towards understanding the evolutionary history of echinoderms. Our data suggest that the functions of alx1, tbr, ets1 and gcm had been established before the diversification of echinoids, because the roles of these genes are quite similar between P. baculosa and euechinoids...

...David R. McClay Embryos of the echinoderms, especially those of sea urchins and sea stars, have been studied as model organisms for over 100 years. The simplicity of their early development, and the ease of experimentally perturbing this development, provides an excellent platform for mechanistic...

... ) 24 4 2003 © 2003. 2003 Echinoderm Endo16 Evolution Promoter Sea urchin Transcription Comparative studies have revealed that the level, timing and spatial expression of genes is subject to change during evolution. In many instances,a change in gene expression has been...

... divisions). Of living echinoderm classes, the echinoids (sea urchins) are most closely related to the holothuroids (sea cucumbers), while the asteroids (starfish) belong to a different evolutionary branch that also includes the ophiuroids (brittle stars) ( Smith et al., 1993 ; Littlewood et al...

... of Biologists 1986 echinoderm dissociated embryonic cell reconstruction bipinnaria larvae starfish Asterina pectinifera The ability of dissociated embryonic cells to reassemble and to form an aggregate has been demonstrated in a wide range of animal groups including echinoderms ( Herbst...

...). Special emphasis is placed on the differences in cell behaviour during endoderm-to-endoderm and endoderm-to-ectoderm fusion. 09 12 1985 Copyright © 1986 by Company of Biologists 1986 echinoderm dissociated embryonic cell reconstruction bipinnaria larvae It has been reported...