..., 69120 Heidelberg, Germany § These authors contributed equally to this work Competing interests statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. 21 6 2012 © 2012. Evolutionary development Bone morphogenetic protein Diptera Bone...

... and by injection into Drosophila embryos. We find that although localisation of wingless transcripts is conserved in Diptera, localisation of even-skipped and hairy pair-rule transcripts is evolutionarily labile and correlates with taxon-specific changes in positioning of nuclei. We show in Drosophila...

... future bristle. This spatial resolution is achieved through modulation of Pnr activity by specific co-factors and by a number of discrete cis -regulatory enhancers in the ac-sc gene complex. We have isolated homologues of pnr and ac-sc in Anopheles gambiae , a basal species of Diptera that diverged from...

... 2002. 2002 Diptera Calliphora vicina Sensory organ achaete-scute pannier Insects bear sensory organs, such as bristles, over the cuticle of the body. In some dipteran flies the bristles are organised into stereotyped spatial arrays in which each bristle occupies a defined position...

... activators such as Pannier. Other species of derived schizophoran Diptera have equally stereotyped, but different, bristle patterns. Divergence of bristle patterns could arise from changes in the expression pattern of proneural genes, resulting from evolution of the cis -regulatory sequences and/or altered...

... that sex-determining cascades, in comparison to other regulatory pathways, evolve much more rapidly. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) © 2000 by Company of Biologists 2000 Sex determination Evolution Diptera Sexual differentiation is a fundamental...

...Pat Simpson; Roxane Woehl; Kazuya Usui The spatial distribution of sensory bristles on the notum of different species of Diptera is compared. Species displaying ancestral features have a simple organization of randomly distributed, but uniformly spaced, bristles, whereas species thought to be more...

... have joined the discourse extrapolating from what they have learned about Drosophila to insects in general. Here we present the results of an investigation into the structure of the insect head as revealed by the distribution of engrailed related protein (Engrailed) in the insect orders Diptera...

.... and Wilson , A. C. ( 1984 ). Molecular evolution in Drosophila and the higher Diptera II. A time scale for fly evolution . J. Mol. Evol . 21 , 1 – 13 . 10.1007/BF02100622 Bownes , M. and Sander , K. ( 1976 ). The development of Drosophila embryos after partial uv...

..., Diptera) . Wilhelm Roux’ Arch, devl Biol . 187 , 179 – 193 . 10.1007/BF00848270 Jàckle , H. & Kalthoff , K. ( 1978 ). Photoreactivation of RNA in UV-irradiated insect eggs (Smittia sp., Chironomidae, Diptera). I. Photosensitized production and light-dependent disappearance...

... of the divergent differen-tiational pathways of the two follicle cell types. 29 04 1987 © 1987 by Company of Biologists 1987 differentiation immunocytochemistry yolk polypeptides Sarcophaga bullata Diptera ovary follicle cells Meroistic polytrophic egg follicles of Sarcophaga...