... neural tube closure, genitourinary tract and hindgut defects. We show that, in Tmem132a mutant embryos, visceral endoderm fails to be excluded from the medial region of early hindgut, leading directly to the loss or malformation of cloaca-derived genitourinary and gastrointestinal structures...

...Ashley W. Seifert; Cortney M. Bouldin; Kyung-Suk Choi; Brian D. Harfe; Martin J. Cohn Malformations of the external genitalia are among the most common congenital anomalies in humans. The urogenital and anorectal sinuses develop from the embryonic cloaca, and the penis and clitoris develop from...

... that regulate external genitalia development. * These authors contributed equally to this work † Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 14 10 2009 © 2009. 2009 External genitalia Genetic cascade Hedgehog Fgf β-catenin (Ctnnb1) Cloaca Appendages Mouse...

... of the function of Shh in the GT is to maintain dUE. Altogether, these findings demonstrated that outgrowth programs in both limb and GT are governed by a similar genetic cassette. However, in the dUE-rescued embryos, although initial growth of the GT was restored, the cloaca remained unseptated and, instead...

... membrane ( Perriton et al.,2002 ). The paired swellings are joined by an anterior swelling a day later and collectively these form the genital tubercle. Signaling between the endoderm of the embryonic cloaca (which gives rise to the urethral epithelium) and the surrounding mesoderm is necessary...

... suggest that the cloaca, and its derivative, the urogenital sinus, contribute to the formation of these organs. However, it is unknown how the primary tissue lineages in, and adjacent to, the cloaca give rise to the above organs, nor is bladder formation understood. While it is known that sonic hedgehog...

... required for development of the cloaca (the common gut and urogenital opening). Using a novel assay for cloacal function, we find that larvae with reduced mid-gastrula Bmp signaling cannot properly excrete waste. We show that the cloacal defects result from alterations in the morphogenesis of the cloaca...

...Petr Valasek; Darrell J. R. Evans; Flavio Maina; Milos Grim; Ketan Patel The cloaca serves as a common opening to the urinary and digestive systems. In most mammals, the cloaca is present only during embryogenesis, after which it undergoes a series of septation events leading to the formation...