... and Socs2 in PDGFRβ D849V cells suggests that overgrowth in mice involves PDGFRβ D849V activating the STAT5-IGF1 axis locally in the skeleton. Our study establishes that PDGFRβ D849V causes osteopenic skeletal phenotypes that are associated with intrinsic changes in SSCs, promoting chondrogenesis over...

..., and identify key differences in the pathways that initiate formation of the hindlimb and forelimb. Using live image analysis of murine limb mesenchyme cells undergoing chondrogenesis in micromass culture, we distinguish a series of changes in cellular behaviours and cohesiveness that are required...

... on morphogen signaling. Specifically, two immature LMP populations with strong chondrogenic differentiation potential are identified. Cell sorting Chondrogenesis Mesenchymal progenitors Mouse limb bud Signaling Transcriptome The developing vertebrate limb bud is an excellent model...

... chromatin for gene activation remain unknown. Here, we address this knowledge gap using chondrogenesis as a model system. By profiling the whole transcriptome and the whole epigenome of wild-type and Sox9 -deficient mouse embryo limb buds, we uncover multiple structural and regulatory genes, including...

... of these lncRNAs, LOC102723505 , which we termed ROCR (regulator of chondrogenesis RNA), by RNA interference disrupted MSC chondrogenesis, concomitant with reduced cartilage-specific gene expression and incomplete matrix component production, indicating an important role in chondrocyte biology. Specifically, SOX9...

... program that regulates the coordination of positional information and tissue differentiation in regenerating salamander limbs and tails . Regeneration Retinoic acid RAR Limb Patterning Chondrogenesis Urodele amphibians (salamanders) are capable of regenerating amputated limbs and tails...

... of NPs, no other peptide hormones that affect remote organs have been identified from the heart. We identified osteocrin (Ostn) as an osteogenesis/chondrogenesis regulatory hormone secreted from CMs in zebrafish. ostn mutant larvae exhibit impaired membranous and chondral bone formation. The impaired...

... SOX9 Chondrogenesis Limb development Progenitor cells Differentiating cartilage elements are specified from a highly proliferative mesodermal progenitor population that is specified early in limb development. After specification, progenitor cells coalesce into condensates, activate Sox9...

... chondrocytes. Here, we review how multiple signaling molecules, mechanical signals and morphological cell features are integrated to activate a set of key transcription factors that determine and regulate the genetic program that induces chondrogenesis and chondrocyte differentiation. Moreover, we describe...

... of chondrogenesis via sclerotome specification. By contrast, treatment with TGFβ also supported chondrogenesis and stimulated Sox9 expression, but failed to induce the expression of Pax1 and Bapx1. On ectopic transplantation to immunocompromised mice, the cartilage particles developed under either condition became...

... that SHH-mediated induction of Nkx3.2 maintains the competence of somitic cells to initiate chondrogenesis in response to subsequent BMP signals by repressing BMP-dependent induction of GATA genes. Conversely, administration of BMP signals to PSM or forced expression of GATA family members in chick PSM...

.... V. , Yayon A. , Deng C.-X. ( 1999 ). Gly369Cys mutation in mouse FGFR3 causes achondroplasia by affecting both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis . J. Clin. Invest. 104 , 1517 - 1525 . 10.1172/JCI6690 Contreras R. G. , Miller J. H. , Zamora M. , Gonzalez...

... interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. 18 1 2013 20 11 2013 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Ezh2 Epigenetic regulation Neural crest Chondrogenesis Osteogenesis Mouse Neural crest cells (NCCs...

.... Chondrogenesis Indian hedgehog Gli transcription factors Mouse The precise regulation of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation is crucial for normal bone growth. During endochondral bone development, growth plate chondrocyte differentiation is governed by the spatial and temporal...

.... ( 2002 ). Analysis of N-cadherin function in limb mesenchymal chondrogenesis in vitro . Dev. Dyn. 225 , 195 - 204 . Ducy P. , Zhang R. , Geoffroy V. , Ridall A. , Karsenty G. ( 1997 ). Osf2/Cbfa1: a transcriptional activator of osteoblast differentiation . Cell 89...

... have determined the role of receptor Smads 1, 5 and 8 in chondrogenesis. Deletion of individual Smads results in viable and fertile mice. Combined loss of Smads 1, 5 and 8, however, results in severe chondrodysplasia. Smad1/5 CKO (cartilage-specific knockout)mutant mice are nearly identical to Smad1/5...

..., together with impaired chondroitin sulfation and abnormal metabolism of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan aggrecan. Our findings identify JAWS as a key regulator of chondrogenesis and synovial joint positioning required for the restriction of joint formation to discrete stereotyped locations...

... development Chondrogenesis The apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is a specialized ectodermal structure formed at the distal tip of the vertebrate limb bud that is essential for proximodistal (PD) patterning of the limb( Saunders, 1948 ). Surgical removal of the AER results in skeletal truncation...

...-depleted micromass culture cells under hypoxia provided further support for the regulatory role of HIF1αin chondrogenesis. Reduced expression of Sox9 , a key regulator of chondrocyte differentiation, followed by reduction of Sox6 , collagen type II and aggrecan in Hif1 α-depleted limbs raised...

...Byeong S. Yoon; Robert Pogue; Dmitri A. Ovchinnikov; Isaac Yoshii; Yuji Mishina; Richard R. Behringer; Karen M. Lyons Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways are essential regulators of chondrogenesis. However, the roles of these pathways in vivo are not well understood. Limb-culture...