... Regulation Chimera Considerable research activity is currently focused on a variety of human organoids and similar self-organizing structures such as gastruloids (hereafter collectively referred to as ʻorganoids', unless otherwise specified). Such research has already led to an enhanced...

...). With rodent PSCs, chimera formation using pre-implantation embryos is the gold-standard assay of pluripotency (competence of progeny to differentiate into all three germ layers). In human PSCs (hPSCs), however, this can only be monitored via teratoma formation or in vitro differentiation, as ethical concerns...

... and its receptor in the embryonic gut, but not in the BF, further supports an ectodermal origin for the bursal rudiment. Using chick-quail chimeras, quail tail bud ectoderm was homotopically transplanted into ectoderm-ablated chick, resulting in quail-derived bursal follicle formation. Chimeric bursal...

... would be rescued by injecting Bmp antagonists such as Noggin and/or Chordin, is appealing. However, it is far more complicated to accomplish, as systemic administration of excess amounts of antagonists would be required to neutralize endogenous Bmps. Allantois Amnion Bmp Chimera PGC Smad5...

... of a subset of posterior mesendodermal genes, and loss of ability to induce the DVE. The loss of some DVE genes such as Hex and goosecoid is rescued in chimeras where only the epiblast was wild type; however, these DVE markers were no longer restricted distally but covered the entire epiblast. Thus, the Apc...

... expression in the Müllerian duct is dynamic, corresponding to its formation and differentiation in females and regression in males. Although female Lim1 -null neonates had ovaries they lacked a uterus and oviducts. A novel female mouse chimera assay was developed and revealed that Lim1 is required cell...

... Facial skeleton Hox Electroporation Chimera Chick Quail Cell lineage studies carried out in the avian embryo have established the triple origin of the cells from which the head skeleton is built ( Couly et al., 1993 ; Le Douarin and Kalcheim, 1999 ). The posterior part of the skull...

... (e-mail: [email protected] and [email protected] ) 8 3 2002 © 2002. 2002 Stem cells Endothelium Pericyte Angiogenesis Chimera Mesoderm Histogenesis Mouse Quail Our current appreciation of stem cells plasticity has changed dramatically in the last years...

... for correspondence (e-mail [email protected] ) 15 12 2000 08 02 2000 © 2000 by Company of Biologists 2000 Pax6 Mouse chimaera Chimera Eye morphogenesis Correctly regulated expression of wild-type Pax6 is necessary for normal development of the mammalian CNS and sensory organs...

... was composed of predominantly wild-type cells, we found that Lim1 −/− cells were able to contribute to the anterior mesendoderm of embryonic day 7.5 chimeric embryos but that embryonic day 9.5 chimeric embryos displayed a range of head defects. In addition, early somite stage chimeras generated by injecting...

... of TEK/TIE mediated signalling in mature endothelia is underscored by the competitive disadvantage displayed by doubly heterozygous ECs in adult chimeras, and also by the strikingly diminished survival to adulthood of chimeras derived from doubly homozygous mutant embryos. Our previous studies...

... for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] ) 25 05 1999 19 07 1999 © 1999 by Company of Biologists 1999 Pericyte Telencephalon Vascularization Neural crest Meninges Forebrain Chimera Chick Quail After neurulation, the cells of the vertebrate...

... interaction Planarian Chimera Transplantation The planarian is remarkable in its ability to regenerate. Even a small fragment cut from the body can give rise to an intact animal. This process includes at least two events: onset of regeneration (blastema formation) and pattern formation. Immediately...

...Neil A. McHale; Michael Marcotrigiano ABSTRACT The role of LAM1 in dorsoventrality and lateral growth of the leaf blade was investigated in the ‘bladeless’ lam1 mutant of Nicotiana sylvestris and in periclinal chimeras with lam1 and wild-type ( N. glauca ) cell layers. Mutant lam1 primordia show...

... current (200 μA) 1 second apart. Embryos were removed from the fusion chamber quickly, washed in M2 medium ( Quinn et al., 1982 ), and cultured in M16 medium ( Whittingham, 1971 ) under paraffin oil at 37°C in an atmosphere of 5% CO 2 in air until aggregation. Chimeras were produced by a standard...

..., the intercostal muscles and the distal ribs were deficient, while the proximal ribs were more or less normal. Quail tissues including the dermomyotome, the ectoderm and the medial edge of lateral plate, were transplanted to replace chick dermomyotomes. In these chimeras, the ribs, which would be deficient without...

... to an apparently identical phenotype. In this study, we demonstrate by chimera analysis that the cardiomyocyte phenotype in RXR α −/− embryos is a non-cell-autonomous phenotype. In chimeric embryos made with embryonic stem cells lacking RXRα, cardiomyocytes deficient in RXRα develop normally and contribute...

[email protected] ) 18 03 1998 05 02 1998 © 1998 by Company of Biologists 1998 Hdh gene huntingtin chimera visceral endoderm Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder (see recent reviews by Jones et al., 1997 ; Wellington and Hayden, 1997...

... al., 1996 ). They also demonstrate that the failure to induce forebrain and midbrain in Otx2 −/− embryos is not due to a loss of expression of noggin, chordin or follistatin in the node. Ten chimeras containing 0-6 somites were analysed histologically in transverse sections. The neural...

...K. John McLaughlin; Helga Kochanowski; Davor Solter; Georg Schwarzkopf; Piroska E. Szabó; Jeffrey R. Mann ABSTRACT Mouse chimeras made with androgenetic (two paternal genomes) ova or embryonic stem cells frequently die at the perinatal stage and exhibit a range of defects, the most noticeable being...