.... ( 1995 ). twist is required in head mesenchyme for cranial neural tube morphogenesis . Genes Dev.   9 , 686 - 699 . 10.1101/gad.9.6.686 Christodoulou , N. and Skourides , P. A. ( 2015 ). Cell-autonomous Ca2+ flashes elicit pulsed contractions of an apical actin network to drive...

.... Fig. 1. Intracellular Ca2+ is required for Xenopus NTC. (A) Dorsal views of embryos at stage 16 treated with DMSO, 25 µM 2APB and 200 µM nifedipine. Dashed lines indicate the outlines of the NP. (B) The mean width of the NP in embryos, as measured by visualizing the expression of the pan-neural marker...

...), or continued exposure to 10 mM SrCl 2 (Sr) or 100 μM TPEN; the panel representing TPEN treatment shows 22 traces. Fig. 2. TPEN-induced meiotic exit is Ca2+i independent and does not cause Ca2+i release. (A) Proportion of oocytes undergoing mII exit (Pb2 extrusion) after incubation for 20 minutes in KSOM...

... and brb 2 were two mutant females that produced eggs for this experiment and are different from the females in B. Fig. 3. Reduced Ca2+ wave causes egg activation defects in brom bones that is rescued by either Ca2+ or IP3.(A) Representative profiles of luminescence from aequorin-loaded zebrafish eggs...

...(upper plot, grey circles, n=8), sperm pronuclear migration (upper plot, white circles, n=10), cytosolic [Ca2+] (lower plot,white circles, n=8) and nuclear [Ca2+] (lower plot, black circles, n=8). Cell wall secretion is given in degrees of coverage of zygote circumference. Migration of the sperm...

... (second arrow). Fig. 6. Absence of MAPK activity and IP3R1 MPM2 phosphorylation influences the ability of mouse eggs to mount oscillations and affects IP3R1 function. (A)[Ca2+]iresponses induced by SrCl2 (10 mM) and (B) PLCζ (0.1μg/μl) were compared in oocytes matured in the absence (left panels...

... mutants. Shot L(A) contains an N-terminal actin-binding domain (ABD, black box), a central rod domain consisting of a plakin-like region (gray box), 22 spectrin repeats (hatched box), and a C-terminal domain with Ca2+- (EF-hand) and microtubule- (GAS2) binding motifs. Shot L(C)-GFP contains no ABD and has...

... . 37 , 703 – 709 . 10.1046/j.1440-169X.1995.t01-5-00008.x Cuthbertson , K. S. and Cobbold , P. H. ( 1985 ). Phorbol ester and sperm activate mouse oocytes by inducing sustained oscillations in cell Ca2+ . Nature 316 , 541 – 542 . 10.1038/316541a0 Dupont , G...

... thimerosal Ca2+ Sr2+ Mn2+ dithiothreitol oocytes mouse The fertilisation of the mammalian oocyte is followed by a series of repetitive Ca 2+ spikes ( Cuthbertson et al., 1981 ; Igusa and Miyazaki, 1986 ; Miyazaki et al., 1986 ; Kline and Kline, 1992a ). These Ca 2+ spikes cause the release...