... for the associated developmental and physiological defects are largely unknown. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) act as highly dynamic complexes to regulate several functions during development. The range and strength of BMP activity depend on interactions with glycosylated protein complexes in the extracellular...

... identified bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) as a candidate myocardium-derived signal required for endocardial differentiation. Chemical and genetic inhibition of BMP signaling at the tailbud stage resulted in severe inhibition of endocardial differentiation while there was little effect on myocardial...

... of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. Growth differentiation factor 5 Bone morphogenetic protein Dendrite...

... ) Competing interests statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. 7 6 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 Bone morphogenetic protein microRNA Vascular endothelial growth factor A Epithelial to mesenchymal transition Outflow tract...

... of the primitive streak. Formation of an ectopic primitive streak, or streak expansion, has previously been reported in mutants lacking antagonists that target Nodal signaling. Here, we demonstrate that loss-of-function of a major bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) effector, Smad5, results in formation of an ectopic...

...Ab. Matteen Rafiqi; Chee-Hyurng Park; Chun Wai Kwan; Steffen Lemke; Urs Schmidt-Ott Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is an essential factor in dorsoventral patterning of animal embryos but how BMP signaling evolved with fundamental changes in dorsoventral tissue differentiation is unclear...

... and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Competing interests statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. 28 11 2011 © 2012. Bone morphogenetic protein Morphogenesis Neural crest Mouse The CNC...

...Bing Xu; Cheng Chen; Hui Chen; Song-Guo Zheng; Pablo Bringas, Jr; Min Xu; Xianghong Zhou; Di Chen; Lieve Umans; An Zwijsen; Wei Shi Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) is essential for lung development. To define the intracellular signaling mechanisms by which Bmp4 regulates lung development, BMP...

...Byeong S. Yoon; Robert Pogue; Dmitri A. Ovchinnikov; Isaac Yoshii; Yuji Mishina; Richard R. Behringer; Karen M. Lyons Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways are essential regulators of chondrogenesis. However, the roles of these pathways in vivo are not well understood. Limb-culture...

..., these studies provide the first genetic evidence that BMP4 is required for dorsal vertebral fusion and closure of the ventral body wall. Bone morphogenetic protein Proprotein convertase Proteolytic activation Embryonic patterning Cleavage mutant mouse Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs...

... the heart respond to a myocardial-derived signal,undergo EMT, and contribute to cushion mesenchyme. Here, we inactivated bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( Bmp2 ) in the AV myocardium of mice. We show that Bmp2 has three functions in the AV canal: to enhance formation of the cardiac jelly, to induce endocardial...

...Michael A. Bonaguidi; Tammy McGuire; Min Hu; Lixin Kan; Jayshree Samanta; John A. Kessler Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)signaling both promote the differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells into glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactive cells...

...Shawn C. Little; Mary C. Mullins In vertebrates and invertebrates, the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)signaling pathway patterns cell fates along the dorsoventral (DV) axis. In vertebrates, BMP signaling specifies ventral cell fates, whereas restriction of BMP signaling by extracellular...

...: a cocktail of modulators. Dev. Biol. 250 , 231 -250. Bellusci, S., Henderson, R., Winnier, G., Oikawa, T. and Hogan,B. L. ( 1996 ). Evidence from normal expression and targeted misexpression that bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp-4) plays a role in mouse embryonic lung morphogenesis. Development 122...

...Munehiro Yuhki; Masahisa Yamada; Masako Kawano; Takuji Iwasato; Shigeyoshi Itohara; Hisahiro Yoshida; Masaharu Ogawa; Yuji Mishina Interactions between ectodermal and mesenchymal extracellular signaling pathways regulate hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis and hair cycling. Bone morphogenetic proteins...

.... A. ( 1987 ). Expression of Xenopus N-CAM RNA in ectoderm is an early response to neural induction. Development 99 , 311 -325. Koster, M., Plessow, S., Clement, J. H., Lorenz, A., Tiedemann,H. and Knochel, W. ( 1991 ). Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4), a member of the TGF-beta family, in early...

...Emmanuèle C. Délot; Matthew E. Bahamonde; Manxu Zhao; Karen M. Lyons Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) constitute a family of ∼20 growth factors involved in a tremendous variety of embryonic inductive processes. BMPs elicit dose-dependent effects on patterning during gastrulation and gradients...

...Amir M. Ashique; Katherine Fu; Joy M. Richman Our expression studies of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and Noggin (a BMP antagonist) in the embryonic chicken face suggested that BMP signals were important for closure of the upper lip or primary palate. We noted that Noggin expression...

..., K., Taketomi, S., Yamasaki, H., Tsukuda, R., Sasaki, S. and Fujisawa, Y. ( 1995 ). Potent ectopic bone-inducing activity of bone morphogenetic protein-4/7 heterodimer. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun . 210 , 670 -677. Baker, J. C. and Harland, R. M. ( 1996 ). A novel mesoderm inducer, Madr2...

... that generate restricted gene expression along the dorsoventral axis is therefore crucial to understanding the creation of diverse neural cell types. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and other transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) proteins are expressed by the dorsal-most cells of the neural tube (the roofplate...