... ; Schuldiner and Yaron, 2015 ). Developmental pruning widely occurs across the animal kingdom. In mammals, some neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems can prune their unwanted or incorrect axons/dendrites to establish proper wiring of the nervous systems ( O'Leary and Koester, 1993 ; Malun...

...Cristiano Lucci; Raquel Mesquita-Ribeiro; Alex Rathbone; Federico Dajas-Bailador ABSTRACT Both the establishment of neuronal polarity and axonal growth are crucial steps in the development of the nervous system. The local translation of mRNAs in the axon provides precise regulation of protein...

...Mary Zakaria; Julien Ferent; Ines Hristovska; Yousra Laouarem; Amina Zahaf; Abdelmoumen Kassoussi; Marie-Eve Mayeur; Olivier Pascual; Frederic Charron; Elisabeth Traiffort ABSTRACT Myelination leads to the formation of myelin sheaths surrounding neuronal axons and is crucial for function...

...Karen Lai Wing Sun; James P. Correia; Timothy E. Kennedy Netrins are secreted proteins that were first identified as guidance cues, directing cell and axon migration during neural development. Subsequent findings have demonstrated that netrins can influence the formation of multiple tissues...

...Seanna M. Martin; Georgeann S. O'Brien; Carlos Portera-Cailliau; Alvaro Sagasti Fragments of injured axons that detach from their cell body break down by the molecularly regulated process of Wallerian degeneration (WD). Although WD resembles local axon degeneration, a common mechanism for refining...

... of the dynactin complex is essential for the survival of sensory neurons and the maintenance of ganglion cell axons, and functions as a major determinant of apicobasal polarity in retinal radial glia. * Author for correspondence( [email protected] ) 30 6 2009 © 2009. © 2009. 2009...

...Scott R. Wheeler; Swati Banerjee; Kevin Blauth; Stephen L. Rogers; Manzoor A. Bhat; Stephen T. Crews Glia play crucial roles in ensheathing axons, a process that requires an intricate series of glia-neuron interactions. The membrane-anchored protein Wrapper is present in Drosophila midline glia...

... in developing chick brain. Prominent binding sites were seen in the olfactory bulb and on retinal axons growing into the optic tectum. Co-precipitation from these tissues and tandem mass spectrometry led to the identification of two associated proteins: contactin 4 and NgCAM. In vitro binding studies revealed...

... intraspinal motor axon guidance. In zebrafish sidetracked ( set ) mutants, motor axons exit from the spinal cord at ectopic positions. By single-cell labeling and time-lapse analysis we show that motoneurons with cell bodies adjacent to the segmental exit point properly exit from the spinal cord, whereas...

.... RGCs with reduced function of Xena/XVASP proteins extended fewer axons out of the eye and possessed dynamic lamellipodial growth cones missing filopodia that advanced slowly in the optic tract. Surprisingly,despite lacking filopodia, the axons navigated along the optic pathway without obvious guidance...

..., ectopic Pros expression in posterior LG can be triggered by Fng, and by Dl derived from neurons but not glia. This effect can be mimicked by direct activation of the N pathway within glia. Our genetic studies suggest that Fng sensitizes N on glia to axon-derived Dl and that enhanced neuron-glial...

... Caenorhabditis elegans : the secreted two-Ig domain protein ZIG-4, the FGF receptor EGL-15 and the L1-like SAX-7 protein. These proteins provide crucial information for neuronal structures, such as axons, that allows them to maintain the precise position they acquired during development. Yet, how widespread...

... † Present address: Lab Anatomia patologica-genetica, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Av Rovira Rourre, 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain 5 1 2005 ©2005. 2005 NF-κB Axon Dendrite BDNF Pyramidal neuron Sensory neuron Mouse Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a ubiquitously expressed...

...Richard Dearborn, Jr; Sam Kunes In the developing Drosophila visual system, glia migrate into stereotyped positions within the photoreceptor axon target fields and provide positional information for photoreceptor axon guidance. Glial migration conversely depends on photoreceptor axons, as glia...

... screened, yielding defects in neuroblast proliferation, cell size, membrane trafficking, and axon and dendrite morphogenesis. We report mutations that affect these different aspects of morphogenesis and phenotypically characterize a subset. We found that roadblock , which encodes a dynein light chain...

... cones to promote axon defasciculation. We identify a family of 14 beat -like genes in Drosophila . In contrast to beat Ia , four novel Beat-family genes encode membrane-bound proteins. Moreover, mutations in each gene lead to much more subtle guidance phenotypes than observed in beat Ia . Genetic...

... ganglion pioneer axons to grow toward their targets have yet to be determined. Here, we show that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NRTN) constitute target-derived factors for developing ciliary ganglion neurons. Both GDNF and NRTN are secreted from eye muscle located...

... appropriately to guidance cues presented by other cells or the extracellular matrix, the neuron must express genes to mediate the response. The fax-1 gene of C. elegans is required for pathfinding of axons that extend along the ventral nerve cord. We show that fax-1 is also required for pathfinding of axons...

... initiation. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 21 07 1998 07 09 1998 © 1998 by Company of Biologists 1998 Adaptin Axon Drosophila Endocytosis Growth cone Internalization Neuromuscular Synaptogenesis Commissureless Initiation...

...Cara M. Coburn; Ikue Mori; Yasumi Ohshima; Cornelia I. Bargmann ABSTRACT The tax-2 and tax-4 genes of C. elegans encode two subunits of a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel that is required for chemosensation, thermosensation and normal axon outgrowth of some sensory neurons. Here we show that, in tax...