... of morphological features and gene expression changes indicate significant overlap with various compound Dlx gene mutants. Together, these findings reveal that the AP-2 genes have a major function in mammalian neural crest development, influencing patterning of the craniofacial skeleton via the DLX code, an effect...

... for correspondence ( [email protected] ) * These authors contributed equally to this work Competing interests statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. 2 7 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 AP2 complex AP-2 Clathrin-mediated...

...-8555, Japan 13 2 2007 © 2007. 2007 Planarian Regeneration Central nervous system (CNS) Clathrin heavy chain Endocytosis AP-2 Neuronal homeostasis Dugesia japonica Planarians are free-living Platyhelminths , and are among the most primitive animals possessing a CNS...

... system Zebrafish AP-2 Hindbrain Mont blanc Lockjaw Retinoic acid Neuronal differentiation Noradrenergic neurons of the brain stem play a major role in modulating sensory, motor and arousal tone in vertebrates. Several evolutionary conserved noradrenergic (NA) centers exist...

...Daniel Meulemans; Marianne Bronner-Fraser The neural crest is a uniquely vertebrate cell type present in the most basal vertebrates, but not in cephalochordates. We have studied differences in regulation of the neural crest marker AP-2 across two evolutionary transitions: invertebrate to vertebrate...

...Birgit Kerber; Ignacio Monge; Martin Mueller; Pamela J. Mitchell; Stephen M. Cohen ABSTRACT Flies mutant for the Drosophila homologue of the mammalian transcription factor AP-2 show a severe reduction in leg length and fail to develop joint structures. Presumptive joint cells express dAP-2...

... and in situ hybridization with the neural crest marker, AP-2. DiI labeling demonstrates that cranial neural crest cells migrate as distinct streams along prescribed pathways to populate the maxillary and mandibular processes of the first branchial arch, the hyoid arch and gill arches 1-4, following migratory...

... to the endogenous gene, we demonstrated that multiple cis -acting elements are required for neural-crest-specific activity. One of these elements consists of a sequence that binds to the three transcription factor AP-2 family members. Mutation or deletion of this site in the Hoxa2 enhancer abrogates reporter...

...Markus Moser; Axel Imhof; Armin Pscherer; Reinhard Bauer; Werner Amselgruber; Fred Sinowatz; Ferdinand Hofstädter; Roland Schüle; Reinhard Buettner ABSTRACT AP-2 has been characterized previously as a unique 52×10 3 M r transcription activator encoded by a single gene that is expressed...

...Alison M. Snape; Robert S. Winning; Thomas D. Sargent This paper identifies a new, developmental role for transcription factor AP-2 in the activation of amphibian embryonic epidermal keratin gene expression. Keratin transcription factor KTF-1 is shown by several criteria to be identical or closely...