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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

EDITORIAL

SPOTLIGHT

DEVELOPMENT AT A GLANCE

REVIEW

Summary: This Review summarizes the role of autophagy in embryonic, adult and cancer stem cells and cellular reprogramming, and highlights the consequences of autophagy dysregulation on tissue development and homeostasis.

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Summary: TCF7L1 represses PS gene expression to maintain the primed, pluripotent state, with relief of this repression by BMP4 leading to upregulation of PS-promoting genes (including NODAL, WNT3 and BMP4) to drive hESC differentiation.

STEM CELLS AND REGENERATION

Highlighted Article: This study reveals a role for the transmembrane glycoprotein podoplanin in mammary stem cell function and tumorigenesis through the positive regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Summary: RNA-dependent KDM4E chromatin localization is essential for active H3K9 demethylation during bovine embryonic genome activation, an observation that could improve outcomes in cloned cattle production.

Highlighted Article: Embryonic stem cell-derived presomitic mesoderm-like tissues exhibit synchronized Hes7 oscillations, anterior-posterior-like axis formation and segment formation, and are suitable for chemical-library screening for detailed analysis of the segmentation clock.

RESEARCH REPORT

Highlighted Article: Investigations in gnotobiotic zebrafish reveal that resident intestinal microbes determine intestinal secretory cell fate by modulating host Notch signaling, a highly conserved pathway involved in myriad host cell fate decisions.

RESEARCH ARTICLES

Summary: Connexin 30 sets the orientation of astroglial motile protrusions during polarized migration in vitro and contributes in vivo to the establishment of hippocampal astrocyte polarity during postnatal maturation.

Summary: A forced lipophagy system, established by expressing an autophagy adaptor on the surface of lipid droplets, demonstrates that depletion of lipid droplets in fertilized mouse embryos causes developmental retardation.

Summary: In chick inner ear development, cMyb is identified as a novel Lsd1-interacting partner that recruits Lsd1 to promoter regions of actively transcribed genes to control H3K9 demethylation.

Summary: Using mouse models to investigate serial tooth formation reveals that contrasting changes in tooth number associated with human mutations in AXIN2 and RUNX2 result from modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in dental mesenchyme.

Summary: The first demonstration that β-catenin signaling contributes to vocal fold morphogenesis by regulating proliferation and epithelial progenitor establishment, shedding light on the etiology of poorly understood congenital laryngeal malformations.

Summary: Rac and Rho activities during dorsal closure are coordinated by the atypical Rac GEF, the ELMO-MBC complex and the Rho GAP RhoGAP19D during in vivo Drosophila mesenchymal-to-epithelial-like transitions.

TECHNIQUES AND RESOURCES

Summary: The use of an optimised toolkit for efficient genome and epigenome engineering using CRISPR in chicken embryos is demonstrated, focussing on probing gene regulatory interactions during neural crest development.

Summary: Analysis of double-mutant clones of sd and putative Yki regulators provides a simple and efficient strategy to validate upstream regulators of Yki activity in Hippo signaling.

Summary: DsRed FT forms the basis of a simple and robust method for direct visualization of oxygenation exposure that is applicable to whole animals with single-cell precision.

CORRECTION

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