1. Turning hens’ eggs between the 4th and 7th day of incubation gives a hatchability similar to that of eggs turned throughout incubation.

  2. Turning the eggs between the 8 th and 11th day gives a hatchability similar to that of unturned eggs.

  3. New evidence is presented that absence of turning leads to abnormal adhesion between the chorion and shell membranes.

  4. The mechanism by which turning effects development is discussed.

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