One of the most prominent features of vertebrate evolution is the formation of the skeletal system, which consists of cartilage and/or bone. The skeletal system is essential to all vertebrate species; it provides the body with shape and form, supports it, protects the internal organs, allows body movement, houses blood stem cells, stores minerals and even acts as an endocrine organ to regulate general metabolism and homeostasis. However, for some time, the biology of the skeletal system escaped most people's attention because it was viewed as not being quite so ‘alive’ as other tissues and because the high mineral content of the skeleton led people to believe that it consists largely of ‘pieces of rock’. Thanks to the recent application of genetic, molecular and cellular tools to the study of the skeletal system, the past two decades have seen a tremendous explosion of seminal discoveries about this biological system. Now...

You do not currently have access to this content.