The mid/hindbrain is an excellent model for studying 3D tissue patterning,but although its anteroposterior (AP) patterning is well characterised,dorsoventral (DV) patterning is not. Now, Blaess et al. (p. 1799) have used conditional mutagenesis to investigate how sonic hedgehog (Shh) directs DV patterning. Shh has two signalling modes involving the Gli transcription factors: in Gli2A-mediated Shh signalling, Shh converts Gli2 into a transcriptional activator; and in Gli3R-mediated Shh signalling, Shh opposes the processing of Gli3 into a repressor. The authors conditionally removed all Shh signalling (by mutating the receptor Smo) or just Gli2A-mediated Shh signalling (by mutating Gli2) at E9.0 or at E11.5 in the mouse mid/hindbrain. Gli2A-mediated signalling was needed early on for ventral patterning and for the dorsal restriction of Gli3 transcription. Gli3R-mediated signalling was important throughout for the development of dorsal structures and before E11 for regulating growth by inhibiting apoptosis. Gli3R-mediated Shh signalling also...

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