... of metamorphosis the spinal cord can regenerate after injury and recover swimming. With this in mind, automatic gait analysis could help evaluate the regenerative performance by means of a method that automatically and quantitatively establishes the degree in froglets' limb movement. Here, we present an algorithm...

...Yuki Nonaka; Kenji Kikuchi; Keiko Numayama-Tsuruta; Azusa Kage; Hironori Ueno; Takuji Ishikawa ABSTRACT Swimming microalgae show various taxes, such as phototaxis and gravitaxis, which sometimes result in the formation of a cell-rich layer or a patch in a suspension. Despite intensive studies...

... of 30 min. Fish tended to swim around the tank freely after this habituation time. To avoid variation in performance due to differences in positioning relative to the stimulus, we stimulated fish only when they were at an angle of ∼90° relative to the stimulus (81.3°±25.4°, mean±s.d.) and ∼20 cm from...

...Thelma L. Williams; Tyler McMillen ABSTRACT Experiments were performed on a neuro-musculo-mechanical model of a lamprey, to explore the strategies for controlling swimming speed. The muscle component of the model was based on previous experiments on isolated lamprey muscle. The patterns of muscle...

...David T. Booth ABSTRACT Hatchling sea turtles emerge from nests, crawl down the beach and enter the sea where they typically enter a stereotypical hyperactive swimming frenzy. During this swim the front flippers are moved up and down in a flapping motion and are the primary source of thrust...