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Keywords: Scaling
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Journal Articles
Biol Open (2025) 14 (3): bio061932.
Published: 14 March 2025
... shown that these wing patterns enable distinct unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms, the role of flapping frequency scaling remains a source of disagreement. Here we show that negative allometry of the flapping frequency is required to sustain body attitude during hovering, consistent with experimental data...
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Articles
Biol Open (2024) 13 (9): bio060587.
Published: 16 September 2024
...Gary C. Packard ABSTRACT Students of biological allometry have used the logarithmic transformation for over a century to linearize bivariate distributions that are curvilinear on the arithmetic scale. When the distribution is linear, the equation for a straight line fitted to the distribution can...
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Articles
Biol Open (2022) 11 (6): bio059270.
Published: 10 June 2022
... demonstrated for captive animals, body size effects remain undocumented. Moreover, whether metabolic rates of mothers or those of embryos affect gestation periods remains unclear. Because biological times generally scale with mass 1− β , where β is metabolic scaling exponent (0.8–0.9 in fishes), we...
Journal Articles
Biol Open (2022) 11 (2): bio059076.
Published: 24 February 2022
... rafting, and during tower-building. We hypothesized that the metabolic rate of ants at various temperatures would scale isometrically (proportionally with the group mass). Indeed, we found metabolic rates scaled isometrically under all temperature conditions, giving evidence that groups of ants differ...
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Articles
Journal Articles
Biol Open (2013) 2 (2): 111–120.
Published: 20 November 2012
... scaling (or geometric similarity) requires that all dimensions change equally among all individuals, a condition that will not be met in naturally developing populations. The Froude number (Fr), with lower limb (or hindlimb) length as the characteristic length, has been used to compensate for differences...