... taxa by size and locomotion. The radii of knuckle-walking chimpanzees, and particularly gorillas, retain robust epiphyses and high degrees of lateral curvature, in contrast to other species. The robusticity and unique, directional curvature observed in the African ape radius may be related to knuckle...

...Riyanta Naidoo; Safiyyah Iqbal ABSTRACT Felid bone morphology is highly influenced by factors such as locomotion, body size, and foraging behaviour. Understanding how these factors influence bone morphology is important for interpreting the behaviour and ecology of such species. This study aimed...

...Jessica L. Tingle; Brian M. Sherman; Theodore Garland, Jr ABSTRACT For terrestrial locomotion of animals and machines, physical characteristics of the substrate can strongly impact kinematics and performance. Snakes are an especially interesting system for studying substrate effects because...

... range of the hydraulic joint. Based on the analysis of locomotor mechanics, a bouncing gait was mainly used by H. hainanum during terrestrial locomotion and their locomotor mechanism did not change with increasing speed. Because of the spiders’ hydraulic system, the mass-specific power per unit weight...

... illustrated many roles of gap junctions in neural connectivity and circuit regulation, during normal conditions and under stress. Innexins Neuronal development Circuit wiring and rewiring Locomotion Chemosensory response Noxious response Neural circuit Stress condition Dauer In all...

... development. Development Zebrafish Genetics GABRA1 Locomotion Rare disorders affect 4–8% of the global population ( Boycott et al., 2013 ) and approximately 80% of these disorders are predicted to have a genetic etiology ( Bick et al., 2019 ). In recent years, whole-exome sequencing (WES...

.... Here, we report a simple setup that consists of a custom-made light box equipped with white and 940 nm light-emitting diode (LED) light strips as light sources, where the locomotion activities of zebrafish or catfish are captured using an infrared-sensitive coupled charged device (CCD). The whole setup...

...Gabriel Antoniak; Tirthabir Biswas; Nelson Cortes; Siddhartha Sikdar; Chanwoo Chun; Vikas Bhandawat ABSTRACT Despite the overall complexity of legged locomotion, the motion of the center of mass (COM) itself is relatively simple, and can be qualitatively described by simple mechanical models...

...Benjamin J. H. Smith; James R. Usherwood ABSTRACT Gravity may influence multiple aspects of legged locomotion, from the periods of limbs moving as pendulums to the muscle forces required to support the body. We present a system for exposing mice to hypergravity using a centrifuge and studying...

... attributed. Summary: Excessive arm swing reduces the vertical angular momentum and ground reaction moment, but not necessarily the energetic cost of transport. Arm swing Cost of transport Locomotion Vertical angular momentum Ground reaction moment Energetic cost of walking Human...

... This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (KAKENHI program), grant number 26702027. References Baum , B. S. , Hobara , H. , Koh , K. , Kwon , H. J. , Miller , R. H. and Shim , J. K. ( 2018 ). Amputee locomotion: joint moment adaptations...

...Soran Aminiaghdam; Christian Rode ABSTRACT Studies of disturbed human locomotion often focus on the dynamics of the gait when either posture, movement or surface is perturbed. Yet, the interaction effects of variation of trunk posture and ground level on kinetic behaviour of able-bodied gait have...

... after artificial application of oily liquids. In terms of adhesion, it is concluded that the semi-solid consistence of the natural adhesion-mediating secretion facilitates the detachment of the tarsus during locomotion. In terms of friction, on smooth to nanorough surfaces, the insects appear to benefit...

...Yoshiya Matsuzaka; Eiki Sato; Takeshi Kano; Hitoshi Aonuma; Akio Ishiguro ABSTRACT Ophiuroids locomote along the seafloor by coordinated rhythmic movements of multi-segmented arms. The mechanisms by which such coordinated movements are achieved are a focus of interest from the standpoints...

... reaction forces during the entire acceleration phase of sprinting. Although the information obtained during the swing phase helps the understanding of maximal accelerated locomotion of humans, investigation of lower-extremity work and power during the support phase provides a deeper understanding...

.... One strain [Yangling strain (YL)] moves longer and disperses wider than another strain [Lanzhou (LZ)] based on higher glycogen. LZ strain probed more frequently, and identified plant more accurately than YL strain. Apterae Locomotion Adaptation Natural selection Starvation Many...

.... ( 2014 ). Triassic saurichthyid fishes as predators and prey – evidence from the fossil record . J. Vertebr. Paleontol. Program and Abstracts 2014 , 161 . Lauder , G. V. ( 2006 ). Locomotion . In Fish Physiology (ed. D. H. Evans and J. B. Claiborne ), pp. 3 - 46 . Boca...

... or fatigue due to repeated stimulations. C-start Damselfish Fast-start Habituation Kinematics Locomotion Mauthner cells Swimming Survival following an encounter with a predator depends heavily on the prey's escape performance. To escape attacking predators, many fish species perform...

... locomotion also influenced by human cell reconstitutions. Significant age-related day-to-day variability in movement, feeding and drinking behaviors were observed. We posit that this data serves to enable researchers to better design translational studies in this rapidly emerging field of mouse humanization...

... distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. Fish Swimming Fluid dynamics Locomotion Muscle...