...G. J. Sutton; J. A. Botha; J. R. Speakman; J. P. Y. Arnould ABSTRACT Understanding energy use is central to understanding an animal's physiological and behavioural ecology. However, directly measuring energy expenditure in free-ranging animals is inherently difficult. The doubly labelled water (DLW...

...: Energy cost of walking in a hot environment was greater than in a comfortable environment. Thus, to prevent heat related injury, walking speed should be reduced in a hot environment. Economical speed Heart rate Hot environment Energy expenditure Pulmonary ventilation It is known...

.... Summary: Acute severe hypoxia slowed the economical speed (ES) which can minimize energy cost of walking. Muscle O 2 extraction may be one of the determining factors of an individual's ES. Bipedal locomotion Optimal speed Muscle O 2 extraction Peripheral circulation Energy expenditure...