... be considerable ( Fabian et al., 2012 ; Hoffmann et al., 2002 ; Schmidt et al., 2005 ). Here, we find modest evidence for spatial adaptation in cold tolerance phenotypes and no evidence for rapid temporal adaptation in response to an autumn acclimatization. There are several putative explanations for the lack...

... tolerance in samples collected from 18 widespread locations. Samples were challenged by exposure to both direct and gradual low temperature after culture in the laboratory at 20°C. A short-term acclimation treatment was also applied to assess cold tolerance following a pre-exposure cold treatment. Finally...

... Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ ). Cold tolerance Enchytraeus albidus Folsomia candida Membrane fluidity Adaptive changes in the composition...